// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// Semaphore implementation exposed to Go.
// Intended use is provide a sleep and wakeup
// primitive that can be used in the contended case
// of other synchronization primitives.
// Thus it targets the same goal as Linux's futex,
// but it has much simpler semantics.
//
// That is, don't think of these as semaphores.
// Think of them as a way to implement sleep and wakeup
// such that every sleep is paired with a single wakeup,
// even if, due to races, the wakeup happens before the sleep.
//
// See Mullender and Cox, ``Semaphores in Plan 9,''
// https://swtch.com/semaphore.pdf

package runtime

import (
	
	
	
)

// Asynchronous semaphore for sync.Mutex.

// A semaRoot holds a balanced tree of sudog with distinct addresses (s.elem).
// Each of those sudog may in turn point (through s.waitlink) to a list
// of other sudogs waiting on the same address.
// The operations on the inner lists of sudogs with the same address
// are all O(1). The scanning of the top-level semaRoot list is O(log n),
// where n is the number of distinct addresses with goroutines blocked
// on them that hash to the given semaRoot.
// See golang.org/issue/17953 for a program that worked badly
// before we introduced the second level of list, and
// BenchmarkSemTable/OneAddrCollision/* for a benchmark that exercises this.
type semaRoot struct {
	lock  mutex
	treap *sudog        // root of balanced tree of unique waiters.
	nwait atomic.Uint32 // Number of waiters. Read w/o the lock.
}

var semtable semTable

// Prime to not correlate with any user patterns.
const semTabSize = 251

type semTable [semTabSize]struct {
	root semaRoot
	pad  [cpu.CacheLinePadSize - unsafe.Sizeof(semaRoot{})]byte
}

func ( *semTable) ( *uint32) *semaRoot {
	return &[(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer())>>3)%semTabSize].root
}

//go:linkname sync_runtime_Semacquire sync.runtime_Semacquire
func ( *uint32) {
	semacquire1(, false, semaBlockProfile, 0, waitReasonSemacquire)
}

//go:linkname poll_runtime_Semacquire internal/poll.runtime_Semacquire
func ( *uint32) {
	semacquire1(, false, semaBlockProfile, 0, waitReasonSemacquire)
}

//go:linkname sync_runtime_Semrelease sync.runtime_Semrelease
func ( *uint32,  bool,  int) {
	semrelease1(, , )
}

//go:linkname sync_runtime_SemacquireMutex sync.runtime_SemacquireMutex
func ( *uint32,  bool,  int) {
	semacquire1(, , semaBlockProfile|semaMutexProfile, , waitReasonSyncMutexLock)
}

//go:linkname sync_runtime_SemacquireRWMutexR sync.runtime_SemacquireRWMutexR
func ( *uint32,  bool,  int) {
	semacquire1(, , semaBlockProfile|semaMutexProfile, , waitReasonSyncRWMutexRLock)
}

//go:linkname sync_runtime_SemacquireRWMutex sync.runtime_SemacquireRWMutex
func ( *uint32,  bool,  int) {
	semacquire1(, , semaBlockProfile|semaMutexProfile, , waitReasonSyncRWMutexLock)
}

//go:linkname poll_runtime_Semrelease internal/poll.runtime_Semrelease
func ( *uint32) {
	semrelease()
}

func ( *sudog,  int) {
	if .releasetime != 0 {
		.releasetime = cputicks()
	}
	goready(.g, )
}

type semaProfileFlags int

const (
	semaBlockProfile semaProfileFlags = 1 << iota
	semaMutexProfile
)

// Called from runtime.
func ( *uint32) {
	semacquire1(, false, 0, 0, waitReasonSemacquire)
}

func ( *uint32,  bool,  semaProfileFlags,  int,  waitReason) {
	 := getg()
	if  != .m.curg {
		throw("semacquire not on the G stack")
	}

	// Easy case.
	if cansemacquire() {
		return
	}

	// Harder case:
	//	increment waiter count
	//	try cansemacquire one more time, return if succeeded
	//	enqueue itself as a waiter
	//	sleep
	//	(waiter descriptor is dequeued by signaler)
	 := acquireSudog()
	 := semtable.rootFor()
	 := int64(0)
	.releasetime = 0
	.acquiretime = 0
	.ticket = 0
	if &semaBlockProfile != 0 && blockprofilerate > 0 {
		 = cputicks()
		.releasetime = -1
	}
	if &semaMutexProfile != 0 && mutexprofilerate > 0 {
		if  == 0 {
			 = cputicks()
		}
		.acquiretime = 
	}
	for {
		lockWithRank(&.lock, lockRankRoot)
		// Add ourselves to nwait to disable "easy case" in semrelease.
		.nwait.Add(1)
		// Check cansemacquire to avoid missed wakeup.
		if cansemacquire() {
			.nwait.Add(-1)
			unlock(&.lock)
			break
		}
		// Any semrelease after the cansemacquire knows we're waiting
		// (we set nwait above), so go to sleep.
		.queue(, , )
		goparkunlock(&.lock, , traceBlockSync, 4+)
		if .ticket != 0 || cansemacquire() {
			break
		}
	}
	if .releasetime > 0 {
		blockevent(.releasetime-, 3+)
	}
	releaseSudog()
}

func ( *uint32) {
	semrelease1(, false, 0)
}

func ( *uint32,  bool,  int) {
	 := semtable.rootFor()
	atomic.Xadd(, 1)

	// Easy case: no waiters?
	// This check must happen after the xadd, to avoid a missed wakeup
	// (see loop in semacquire).
	if .nwait.Load() == 0 {
		return
	}

	// Harder case: search for a waiter and wake it.
	lockWithRank(&.lock, lockRankRoot)
	if .nwait.Load() == 0 {
		// The count is already consumed by another goroutine,
		// so no need to wake up another goroutine.
		unlock(&.lock)
		return
	}
	,  := .dequeue()
	if  != nil {
		.nwait.Add(-1)
	}
	unlock(&.lock)
	if  != nil { // May be slow or even yield, so unlock first
		 := .acquiretime
		if  != 0 {
			mutexevent(-, 3+)
		}
		if .ticket != 0 {
			throw("corrupted semaphore ticket")
		}
		if  && cansemacquire() {
			.ticket = 1
		}
		readyWithTime(, 5+)
		if .ticket == 1 && getg().m.locks == 0 {
			// Direct G handoff
			// readyWithTime has added the waiter G as runnext in the
			// current P; we now call the scheduler so that we start running
			// the waiter G immediately.
			// Note that waiter inherits our time slice: this is desirable
			// to avoid having a highly contended semaphore hog the P
			// indefinitely. goyield is like Gosched, but it emits a
			// "preempted" trace event instead and, more importantly, puts
			// the current G on the local runq instead of the global one.
			// We only do this in the starving regime (handoff=true), as in
			// the non-starving case it is possible for a different waiter
			// to acquire the semaphore while we are yielding/scheduling,
			// and this would be wasteful. We wait instead to enter starving
			// regime, and then we start to do direct handoffs of ticket and
			// P.
			// See issue 33747 for discussion.
			goyield()
		}
	}
}

func ( *uint32) bool {
	for {
		 := atomic.Load()
		if  == 0 {
			return false
		}
		if atomic.Cas(, , -1) {
			return true
		}
	}
}

// queue adds s to the blocked goroutines in semaRoot.
func ( *semaRoot) ( *uint32,  *sudog,  bool) {
	.g = getg()
	.elem = unsafe.Pointer()
	.next = nil
	.prev = nil

	var  *sudog
	 := &.treap
	for  := *;  != nil;  = * {
		if .elem == unsafe.Pointer() {
			// Already have addr in list.
			if  {
				// Substitute s in t's place in treap.
				* = 
				.ticket = .ticket
				.acquiretime = .acquiretime
				.parent = .parent
				.prev = .prev
				.next = .next
				if .prev != nil {
					.prev.parent = 
				}
				if .next != nil {
					.next.parent = 
				}
				// Add t first in s's wait list.
				.waitlink = 
				.waittail = .waittail
				if .waittail == nil {
					.waittail = 
				}
				.parent = nil
				.prev = nil
				.next = nil
				.waittail = nil
			} else {
				// Add s to end of t's wait list.
				if .waittail == nil {
					.waitlink = 
				} else {
					.waittail.waitlink = 
				}
				.waittail = 
				.waitlink = nil
			}
			return
		}
		 = 
		if uintptr(unsafe.Pointer()) < uintptr(.elem) {
			 = &.prev
		} else {
			 = &.next
		}
	}

	// Add s as new leaf in tree of unique addrs.
	// The balanced tree is a treap using ticket as the random heap priority.
	// That is, it is a binary tree ordered according to the elem addresses,
	// but then among the space of possible binary trees respecting those
	// addresses, it is kept balanced on average by maintaining a heap ordering
	// on the ticket: s.ticket <= both s.prev.ticket and s.next.ticket.
	// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap
	// https://faculty.washington.edu/aragon/pubs/rst89.pdf
	//
	// s.ticket compared with zero in couple of places, therefore set lowest bit.
	// It will not affect treap's quality noticeably.
	.ticket = fastrand() | 1
	.parent = 
	* = 

	// Rotate up into tree according to ticket (priority).
	for .parent != nil && .parent.ticket > .ticket {
		if .parent.prev ==  {
			.rotateRight(.parent)
		} else {
			if .parent.next !=  {
				panic("semaRoot queue")
			}
			.rotateLeft(.parent)
		}
	}
}

// dequeue searches for and finds the first goroutine
// in semaRoot blocked on addr.
// If the sudog was being profiled, dequeue returns the time
// at which it was woken up as now. Otherwise now is 0.
func ( *semaRoot) ( *uint32) ( *sudog,  int64) {
	 := &.treap
	 := *
	for ;  != nil;  = * {
		if .elem == unsafe.Pointer() {
			goto 
		}
		if uintptr(unsafe.Pointer()) < uintptr(.elem) {
			 = &.prev
		} else {
			 = &.next
		}
	}
	return nil, 0

:
	 = int64(0)
	if .acquiretime != 0 {
		 = cputicks()
	}
	if  := .waitlink;  != nil {
		// Substitute t, also waiting on addr, for s in root tree of unique addrs.
		* = 
		.ticket = .ticket
		.parent = .parent
		.prev = .prev
		if .prev != nil {
			.prev.parent = 
		}
		.next = .next
		if .next != nil {
			.next.parent = 
		}
		if .waitlink != nil {
			.waittail = .waittail
		} else {
			.waittail = nil
		}
		.acquiretime = 
		.waitlink = nil
		.waittail = nil
	} else {
		// Rotate s down to be leaf of tree for removal, respecting priorities.
		for .next != nil || .prev != nil {
			if .next == nil || .prev != nil && .prev.ticket < .next.ticket {
				.rotateRight()
			} else {
				.rotateLeft()
			}
		}
		// Remove s, now a leaf.
		if .parent != nil {
			if .parent.prev ==  {
				.parent.prev = nil
			} else {
				.parent.next = nil
			}
		} else {
			.treap = nil
		}
	}
	.parent = nil
	.elem = nil
	.next = nil
	.prev = nil
	.ticket = 0
	return , 
}

// rotateLeft rotates the tree rooted at node x.
// turning (x a (y b c)) into (y (x a b) c).
func ( *semaRoot) ( *sudog) {
	// p -> (x a (y b c))
	 := .parent
	 := .next
	 := .prev

	.prev = 
	.parent = 
	.next = 
	if  != nil {
		.parent = 
	}

	.parent = 
	if  == nil {
		.treap = 
	} else if .prev ==  {
		.prev = 
	} else {
		if .next !=  {
			throw("semaRoot rotateLeft")
		}
		.next = 
	}
}

// rotateRight rotates the tree rooted at node y.
// turning (y (x a b) c) into (x a (y b c)).
func ( *semaRoot) ( *sudog) {
	// p -> (y (x a b) c)
	 := .parent
	 := .prev
	 := .next

	.next = 
	.parent = 
	.prev = 
	if  != nil {
		.parent = 
	}

	.parent = 
	if  == nil {
		.treap = 
	} else if .prev ==  {
		.prev = 
	} else {
		if .next !=  {
			throw("semaRoot rotateRight")
		}
		.next = 
	}
}

// notifyList is a ticket-based notification list used to implement sync.Cond.
//
// It must be kept in sync with the sync package.
type notifyList struct {
	// wait is the ticket number of the next waiter. It is atomically
	// incremented outside the lock.
	wait atomic.Uint32

	// notify is the ticket number of the next waiter to be notified. It can
	// be read outside the lock, but is only written to with lock held.
	//
	// Both wait & notify can wrap around, and such cases will be correctly
	// handled as long as their "unwrapped" difference is bounded by 2^31.
	// For this not to be the case, we'd need to have 2^31+ goroutines
	// blocked on the same condvar, which is currently not possible.
	notify uint32

	// List of parked waiters.
	lock mutex
	head *sudog
	tail *sudog
}

// less checks if a < b, considering a & b running counts that may overflow the
// 32-bit range, and that their "unwrapped" difference is always less than 2^31.
func (,  uint32) bool {
	return int32(-) < 0
}

// notifyListAdd adds the caller to a notify list such that it can receive
// notifications. The caller must eventually call notifyListWait to wait for
// such a notification, passing the returned ticket number.
//
//go:linkname notifyListAdd sync.runtime_notifyListAdd
func ( *notifyList) uint32 {
	// This may be called concurrently, for example, when called from
	// sync.Cond.Wait while holding a RWMutex in read mode.
	return .wait.Add(1) - 1
}

// notifyListWait waits for a notification. If one has been sent since
// notifyListAdd was called, it returns immediately. Otherwise, it blocks.
//
//go:linkname notifyListWait sync.runtime_notifyListWait
func ( *notifyList,  uint32) {
	lockWithRank(&.lock, lockRankNotifyList)

	// Return right away if this ticket has already been notified.
	if less(, .notify) {
		unlock(&.lock)
		return
	}

	// Enqueue itself.
	 := acquireSudog()
	.g = getg()
	.ticket = 
	.releasetime = 0
	 := int64(0)
	if blockprofilerate > 0 {
		 = cputicks()
		.releasetime = -1
	}
	if .tail == nil {
		.head = 
	} else {
		.tail.next = 
	}
	.tail = 
	goparkunlock(&.lock, waitReasonSyncCondWait, traceBlockCondWait, 3)
	if  != 0 {
		blockevent(.releasetime-, 2)
	}
	releaseSudog()
}

// notifyListNotifyAll notifies all entries in the list.
//
//go:linkname notifyListNotifyAll sync.runtime_notifyListNotifyAll
func ( *notifyList) {
	// Fast-path: if there are no new waiters since the last notification
	// we don't need to acquire the lock.
	if .wait.Load() == atomic.Load(&.notify) {
		return
	}

	// Pull the list out into a local variable, waiters will be readied
	// outside the lock.
	lockWithRank(&.lock, lockRankNotifyList)
	 := .head
	.head = nil
	.tail = nil

	// Update the next ticket to be notified. We can set it to the current
	// value of wait because any previous waiters are already in the list
	// or will notice that they have already been notified when trying to
	// add themselves to the list.
	atomic.Store(&.notify, .wait.Load())
	unlock(&.lock)

	// Go through the local list and ready all waiters.
	for  != nil {
		 := .next
		.next = nil
		readyWithTime(, 4)
		 = 
	}
}

// notifyListNotifyOne notifies one entry in the list.
//
//go:linkname notifyListNotifyOne sync.runtime_notifyListNotifyOne
func ( *notifyList) {
	// Fast-path: if there are no new waiters since the last notification
	// we don't need to acquire the lock at all.
	if .wait.Load() == atomic.Load(&.notify) {
		return
	}

	lockWithRank(&.lock, lockRankNotifyList)

	// Re-check under the lock if we need to do anything.
	 := .notify
	if  == .wait.Load() {
		unlock(&.lock)
		return
	}

	// Update the next notify ticket number.
	atomic.Store(&.notify, +1)

	// Try to find the g that needs to be notified.
	// If it hasn't made it to the list yet we won't find it,
	// but it won't park itself once it sees the new notify number.
	//
	// This scan looks linear but essentially always stops quickly.
	// Because g's queue separately from taking numbers,
	// there may be minor reorderings in the list, but we
	// expect the g we're looking for to be near the front.
	// The g has others in front of it on the list only to the
	// extent that it lost the race, so the iteration will not
	// be too long. This applies even when the g is missing:
	// it hasn't yet gotten to sleep and has lost the race to
	// the (few) other g's that we find on the list.
	for ,  := (*sudog)(nil), .head;  != nil; ,  = , .next {
		if .ticket ==  {
			 := .next
			if  != nil {
				.next = 
			} else {
				.head = 
			}
			if  == nil {
				.tail = 
			}
			unlock(&.lock)
			.next = nil
			readyWithTime(, 4)
			return
		}
	}
	unlock(&.lock)
}

//go:linkname notifyListCheck sync.runtime_notifyListCheck
func ( uintptr) {
	if  != unsafe.Sizeof(notifyList{}) {
		print("runtime: bad notifyList size - sync=", , " runtime=", unsafe.Sizeof(notifyList{}), "\n")
		throw("bad notifyList size")
	}
}

//go:linkname sync_nanotime sync.runtime_nanotime
func () int64 {
	return nanotime()
}